Personal Pronouns

mi = I
vi = you
li = he
ŝi = she
ĝi = it
ni = we
ili = they

Grammar

• all nouns end with -o
• the suffix -in- indicates the female gender
• kio = what (undefined thing)
• tio = that (undefined thing)
• kiu = which/who (definite thing)
• tiu = that one/that person (definite thing/person)

This, That & That Over There

これ - means "this"
Refers to items in the possession of the speaker. "This is a phone."

それ - means "that"
Refers to items in the possession of the person you're talking to. "That (in your hand) is a phone."

あれ - means "that over there"
Refers to items that are away from both the speaker and the person you're speaking to. "That over there (away from both of us) is a phone."


Reference - Textfugu.com

Particle

は pronounced "wa", not "ha"

The best translation for は would probably be "am", "is", "was" & "are" depending on the tense of the sentence.

Grammar

です
じゃありません
でした
じゃありませんでした

ですか
じゃありませんか
でしたか
じゃありませんでしたか

It Was

1. でした means "it was"
2. でした　is pronounced "deshta" not "deshita"

It is Not

じゃありません = It is not